Research Study Proposal: Obesity in school-age Essay

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), Obesity in school-age children has increased over the past thirty years to the amount of doubling in some and even quadrupling in others. CDC statistics showed in 2012, at least one-third of the school children were large or obese. Childhood obesity continues to be a growing problem in the United States. School lunches play a significant role in the obesity issues facing children today. The school menus of today contain too many calories from simple carbohydrates and fat. Starchy vegetables instead of green leafy vegetables are served along with food containing sodium levels higher than needed for one’s daily intake. Childhood obesity can lead to health issues if action is not taken rapidly. This paper will provide a brief summary of the issues of childhood obesity and focus on the role the school lunch meals play on this growing crisis. Obesity is defined by the CDC (2015) as an individual that has extra body fat in relationship to one’s height. An easier way to understand obesity is the individual is taking in more calories than is being used. The health effects of childhood obesity have both short-term or immediate and long-term health effects. Health issues obtained later in life are believed to be linked to childhood obesity. Obese children have a greater chance of growing up to become adults with health issues such as heart disease, hypertension, high cholesterol and strokes. Additionally, these individuals are predisposed to diabetes type 2 and many forms of cancer. Prevention of obesity in children diabetes is the best solution to the problem. â€Å"The U.S. Surgeon General has identified the obesity epidemic as one of the greatest health problems facing the nation today† (National Association of State Boards of Education, 2004, para 2). In 2010, the â€Å"Let’s Move† campaign was implemented encouraging children to get up and move around, or exercise and school lunches were to become healthier. Michelle  Obama was quoted in an article called, First Lady Michelle Obama: Quotes on Child Obesity and Health â€Å"†¦ Over the past five years, we have truly changed the culture around healthy eating and living in this country† (Holecko, 2015, para 4).Childhood obesity remains an epidemic health issue; the school lunches remain an issue to be researched. Reference Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), (2015). Childhood obesity facts. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/obesity/facts.htm Holecko, C., (2015). First Lady Michelle Obama: Quotes on Child Obesity and Health . Retrieved from http://familyfitness.about.com/ od/childhoodobesity /a/michelle_obama_obesity.htm National Association of State Boards of Education, (2004). The role of schools in preventing childhood obesity. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/physicalactivity/ pdf/roleofschools_obesity.pdf

Delta Airlines Plays Catch-Up

1. What business risks would Delta is taking if it decided not to catch up with industry leaders in using IT to gain a competitive advantage? Delta would fall behind the industry and its customer expectations. If Delta’s business processes were significantly inefficient and ineffective compared with its competitors, it would lose business. Airline customers are typically operating under time constraints and pressures to catch flights and connections, and they do not want to be inconvenienced by inefficient and ineffective business processes.2. What competitive advantages can an airline gain by using DSS and EIS? An airline can use both DSSs and EISs to uncover areas where the company can create competitive advantages and perhaps first-mover advantages such as self-check in and printing boarding passes from home. First-mover advantages can be enormous and place an organization in the position to significantly impact its market share. A fast follower can also increase its market share by tagging onto the first-movers ideas. It also has the advantage of avoiding some of the mistakes or pitfalls that the first-mover might have made. Of course, a fast follower will only obtain a temporary advantage, as many competitors will begin to implement the innovative IT system.3. What other industries could potentially benefit from the use of yield management systems? Almost all industries could benefit from the use of a yield management system. Like in health care industry for doctor visits and even the telecommunications industry for shared modem services.4. How can American and United use customer information to gain a competitive? Both airlines used their innovative IT systems to gain valuable business intelligence into their customer information. They conceived and rolled out hugely successful frequent flyer programs, which increased the likelihood that frequent business travelers, their most profitable customers, would fly with them instead of with a competitor. Frequent flyer programs require sophisticated computer system to properly account for and manage the flight activity of millions of customers. Ultimately, frequent flyer programs became an entry barrier for the industry  because all airline companies felt they could not compete for the best customers without having their own frequent flyer systems.5. What types of metrics would Delta executives want to see in a digital dashboard? Delta could use throughput and speed efficiency metrics to baseline and benchmark its gate and boarding applications. It could also use usability and customer satisfaction effectiveness metrics to determine the satisfaction in its gate and boarding applications. The dashboard could also contain information on market pulse, customer service, and cost drivers. It should also allow for sensitivity analysis, what-if analysis, and goal-seeking analysis.6. How could Delta use supply chain management to improve its operations? Airline security is one of the hott est topics today. Delta could use supply chain management to monitor luggage, scan bags, and detect bombs and other hazardous material. It could also create a more efficient and effective supply chain allowing the company to pass these savings onto the customer, while making the company more profitable.

Accident Victim Interview Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Accident Victim Interview Report - Essay Example As soon as he lifted his second foot to take a further step backwards, there was no floor beneath. Next moment, Paul was on the first floor. He had fallen head down and the back of his head struck against the corner of the first stair. The stair was made in concrete and had not yet been plastered or tiled. Paul was not wearing helmet while plastering, so he received scars on the back of his head. He started to bleed heavily. The foreman noticed him and immediately reported the case to the engineer. The engineer called for the safety officer and called the first aid. The safety officer took notes and escorted Paul to the nearest hospital. Paul received five stitches in the head. Surprisingly, he did not have any fracture. He was lucky enough to remain safe and sound. After taking his X-ray, the doctor said that the scars were not deep and had not penetrated into the skull. Paul had only had his skin cut. The doctor proposed that Paul should take a bed rest for at least two weeks befor e going to work. The construction company he was employed in paid for his medical expenses. After two weeks, the scars had sufficiently healed. The doctor undid the bandage. Paul was feeling ok then and would be at work the following day. The incident was reported to OSHA. OSHA team visited the construction site and instructed the General Manager (GM) to bring certain changes in the workplace within a specified duration. Following the incident, the safety officer ensured that every worker wore the helmet. To achieve this, he announced with due approval of the GM that any worker found without a helmet on the site would be fined along with his foreman. Every worker would receive three fines before getting terminated from work, and the successive fines would be larger. The safety officer also got scaffolding fixed aside every staircase in every house on the construction site. In addition to that, all workers were called in a

Feasibility Of Atomic Bombings In Hiroshima And Nagasaki Essay

Feasibility Of Atomic Bombings In Hiroshima And Nagasaki - Essay Example This paper will look at the usage of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki from the perspective in three dimensions and stages, how it impacted the situation in present, near future and longer future. Scenario behind Hiroshima events: There was a built up towards the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing event, and it did not happen without a reason or in a fortnight, series of events led to the occurrence of this, and it can be said that the threat was in the atmosphere ever since 1942. Events like Peal Harbor and Mid way Island incident further ignited it and can be termed as the possible reasons towards Hiroshima and Nagasaki events. Short term outcomes: In short term, it lead to the victory of the allies, while the Normandy operation, Pearl Harbor were hall marks of recent days in the Second World War, and a solution was sought. Japan was going all guns and exploiting anything possible and in sight, thereby they had to be controlled. The single event of Pearl Harbor speaks for the type of offensive intentions they possessed. Their actions were indiscriminate on many fronts pertaining to the non military and civilian areas attacks. The consequence of using atomic bomb was total destruction of axis. Leaving them crippled. The atomic bomb was a death blow and a last nail in the coffin, which led to complete surrender in no time. this had a direct impact on the German moral, and their troops surrendered in no time. A warning to Nazis: The atomic bomb on Japan was a clear warning to Germany. If they did not halt their activities, Berlin, Frankfurt, would be the next target. Thereby this action had great repercussions and all to the... Scenario behind Hiroshima events: There was a built up towards the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing event, and it did not happen without a reason or in a fortnight, series of events led to the occurrence of this, and it can be said that the threat was in the atmosphere ever since 1942. Events like Pearl Harbor and Mid way Island incident further ignited it and can be termed as the possible reasons towards Hiroshima and Nagasaki events. Short term outcomes: In short term, it leads to the victory of the allies, while the Normandy operation, Pearl Harbor was hall marks of recent days in the Second World War, and a solution was sought. Japan was going all guns and exploiting anything possible and in sight, thereby they had to be controlled. The single event of Pearl Harbor speaks for the type of offensive intentions they possessed. Their actions were indiscriminate on many fronts pertaining to the non-military and civilian areas attacks. The consequence of using the atomic bomb was the total destruction of the axis. Leaving them crippled. The atomic bomb was a death blow and a last nail in the coffin, which led to complete surrender in no time. this had a direct impact on the German morale, and their troops surrendered in no time. A warning to Nazis: The atomic bomb on Japan was a clear warning to Germany. If they did not halt their activities, Berlin, Frankfurt, would be the next target. Thereby this action had great repercussions and all to the positives in terms of the Allies action and strategies.

Effect of stigma on people with mental illness in the UK Dissertation

Effect of stigma on people with mental illness in the UK - Dissertation Example The intention of this study is mental illness as one of the major concerns in global disease burden. It has a significant impact in the quality of life of people suffering from mental illness and yet there is the prevalence of low levels of treatment seeking and follow-through among patients. This situation poses a crucial concern since it places patients in higher risks, and at the same time, it curtails the effort of heath care providers, such as nurses, in giving the appropriate care to mentally ill patients. One major identified reason why mentally ill patients do not seek treatment or attend follow up is stigma. Stigma is ‘a social construction that defines people in terms of a distinguishing characteristic or mark and devalues them as a consequence’. The categories create an invisible demarcation separating people with the distinguishing mark from those who do not. However, it is not just attributes but language, labelling, also plays a critical role in fortifying the distinction As such, stigma perpetuates the divide between the person that is labelled as deviant from the person that is deemed normal. In this context, stigma is ‘a collection of negative attitudes, beliefs, thoughts, and behaviors that influence the individual, or the general public, to fear, reject, avoid, be prejudiced, and discriminate against people with mental disorders’. Thus, stigma contributes to the continued exclusion and dehumanisation of people who are suffering from mental illness.... In this regard, this study intends to address the question what are the effects of stigma on people with mental illness in the UK? Rationale Stigma is one of the major reasons why people with mental disorders does not seek treatment, are reluctant in attending follow through and are experiencing continued exclusion and dwindling quality of life (Lauber & Satorious 2007; Pinto-Foltz & Logsdon 2008; Ross & Goldner 2009). This condition gives rise to the urgency of the need to attain a better understanding of the effects of stigma to people who are suffering from mental disorders. This is essential in order to authentically address their predicament, and create a platform wherein their voices may be expressed and heard. In addition, this study is vital as it helps in clarifying the possible role of nursing in de-stigmatisation of people with mental illness. Aims and Objectives Recognising the significant influences of stigma in the life of people with mental illness and its implications in the nursing practise, the research aims the following. To identify the effect of stigma to people with mental disorders To determine the approaches being undertaken to address the issue of stigma vis-a-vis mental illness To establish the role of nurses in stigmatisation and de-stigmatisation of patients with mental illness To understand the function of language in the context of stigma To know the extent of the changes in the perception of stigma vis-a-vis people with mental disorders Overview Fig. 1 Overview As stigma is a social construct and phenomenon that afflicts and affects the life of people with mental disorders, it also influences the family, community, health care providers and

Assignment II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment II - Essay Example This happens in the situation of securitization. The quality of the collateral can therefore be a credit for investors who can securitize them as many times as they can. Credit enhancement is a technique aimed at reducing default or risk of default. This is done through processes such as prioritizing tranches. Credit risk causes all non-agency securities to engage in credit enhancement. Credit enhancement of securities requires additional support against defaults. Specific security rating agency determines the amount of credit enhancement needed based on specific rating. There are two general types of credit enhancement mechanisms namely external and internal credit enhancement mechanisms. Overcollateralization refers to a state in which the collateral value is more than the par value of the issued securities. For instance, if securities of par value $10 million is issued and at collateral carries a market value of $12 million during the time of issuance of the security, there will be an overcollateralization of $2 million. This process can also be used to absorb losses; hence it may act as an internal credit enhancement. Senior-Subordinate Structure enhances credit tranching while the subordinate bond classes support the senior bond classes in terms of credit. For example, bonds are classified into three classes namely A (Senior), B (Subordinate) and C (Subordinate) with par values of $90million, $8 million and $2 million respectively. Bonds A and B are both credit enhanced by class C. No, the correlation of default among pooled assets doesn’t need to be highly positive. A highly positive correlation +1 indicates that assets in a pool face the same level of risk. Therefore, if there is a default in one class of assets then there will be a high chance of default among other assets in the same pool. Assume that there is a pool of loans that have been securitized.

Business administration - Program Capstone Essay

Business administration - Program Capstone - Essay Example Moreover, a manager must specify objectives and prioritize interests, values, concerns and aspirations. Also a manager, who is aware of both short-term and long-term implications of a decision and have a 360 degree approach, makes better decisions (George, 2000). In order to achieve desirable results and better decision making, a manager must identify the purpose of decision and clarify all the uncertainties involved. The amount of risk that a situation at hand can tolerate must be carefully evaluated. Multiple ideas must be generated and a manager should not adopt a particular perspective, desisting a multidimensional approach of making better decisions. Perhaps the most crucial aspect of making better decisions is reviewing the steps and looking for the implications of it in order to revise them and take corrective actions. In the realm of decision making, assumptions are accepted cause and effect relationships that provides basis for actions and create useful what if scenarios to simulate different realities or possible situations (Facione,2007). However, they can be dangerous when accepted as realities without proper investigations. With respect to assumptions, the firm I worked with had its own perceptions of issues.

Cross Examination on complainant. Sexual offences. (law of Evidence) Essay

Cross Examination on complainant. Sexual offences. (law of Evidence) - Essay Example Section 41 establishes the shield and the exception. Section 42 defines what is relevant and generally deals with the interpretation and application of the shield in Section 41. Section 43 deals with the proper procedure for exercising the Section 41 discretion to remove or reduce the shield. Lord Steyn noted in R v A (No. 2) the freedom of cross-examination of rape complainants was based on stereotypes and generalizations that were exploited by defendants. The result was an excessively low rate of convictions and it unnecessarily put rape complainants under scrutiny and humiliation. Section 41 extends the shield to all sexual offences which by virtue of Section 62 include rape and all other sexual offences. In considering whether or not to grant leave to cross-examine on the complainant’s sexual behaviour, sexual behaviour under Section 42(1)(c) includes any sexual behaviour or experience unless it forms a part of the issues at trial relating to the accused. However, in R v T the court offered some flexibility with respect to defining what amounts to sexual behaviour which obviously challenges the concept that the shield goes too far and prejudices a fair trial. In R v T it was held that sexual behaviour would not include evidence of false complaints or failure to complain. This kind of evidence would not be evidence of sexual behaviour but is evidence of previous statements or previous omissions to lodge a complaint. Moreover, it was held in R v Garaxo that the judge had a duty to allow cross-examination on previous complaints against others where it could harm the complainant’s credibility. Nevertheless in R v White it was held that cross-examination of a complainant’s promiscuous behaviour such as prostitution, was not relevant to the complaint at issue. Regardless there are safeguards that attempt to create some balance between what is relevant and what is not and thus ensures the trial is not unfairly prejudiced. In this regard, a saf eguard was established under R v Martin as to what is relevant behaviour for the purposes of Section 41(3). In Martin it was ruled that it was wrong to exclude cross-examination of the complainant on her previous behaviour with the accused in circumstances where it was alleged that she had begged the defendant for sex and had performed oral sex on him. This kind of evidence goes to motivations for concocting allegations against the defendant. It would also appear that once leave is granted to cross-examine the complainant, the court does not have the discretion to restrict its admission. In R v F it was held that where the judge allowed the defendant to cross-examine a complainant on the nature of their adult consensual relationship he erroneously excluded cross-examination on evidence showing the complainant appeared happy engaging with the defendant. The evidence was relevant as it showed the actual adult relationship and thus relevant to the authenticity of a complaint about abus e childhood abuse. In R v Mokrecovas, Lord Woolf cautioned that Section 41(3)(a) should not be exploited for sole purpose of damaging the complainant’s credibility. The Court of Appeal ruled that where there was enough evidence before the court on the complainant’s state of mind further evidence that she had engaged sexually with the defendant’

Venerable Pierre Toussaint Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Venerable Pierre Toussaint - Essay Example Pierre on the other hand, obtained basic education where he was able to read and write. Secondly, he was not expected to work in the fields where there was hard labor, and also he was not subjected to punishments. During his stay on the Haiti, the sound of drums in the field offended him. The thought of the bloodbath that happened in the fields was too harsh for him to comprehend. Pierre relocated to New York with his master. Soon after the death of Jean Berard, Pierre took the initiative to look after his ailing wife, who had just learnt about his husbands demise (Malley 89). Pierres elevation to sainthood came as a result of his charity, which was easily deduced from his act of adopting Euphemia. During his burial, Pierre was eulogized as one who had "remarkable qualities of mind and heart and on his incredible charity". Secondly, he was also branded as "Gods reflection in ebony". He was greatly loved, which is exhibited by the enormous number of people from both races who attended his

Rmsa Essay Example for Free

Rmsa Essay With the liberalization and globalization of the Indian economy, the rapid changes witnessed in scientific and technological world and the general need to improve the quality of life and to reduce poverty, it is essential that school leavers acquire a higher level of knowledge and skills than what they are provided in the 8 years of elementary education, particularly when the average earning of a secondary school certificate holder is significantly higher than that of a person who has studied only up to class VIII. It is also necessary that besides general education up to secondary level, opportunities for improvement of vocational knowledge and skill should be provided at the higher secondary level to enable some students to be employable. 1. 1. 4. Since universalisation of elementary education has become a Constitutional mandate, it is absolutely essential to push this vision forward to move towards Universalisation of secondary education, which has already been achieved in a large number of developed countries and several developing countries. Paras 5. 13 – 5. 15 of the National Policy on Education NPE), 1986 (as modified in 1992) deal with Secondary Education. Para 5. 13 of the NPE, inter- alia, stated that â€Å"Access to Secondary Education will be widened with emphasis on enrolment of girls, SCs and STs, particularly in science, commerce and vocational streams†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Vocationalization through specialized institutions or through the re-fashioning of secondary education wil l, at this stage, provide valuable manpower for economic growth†. Page 1 of 65 1. 1. 5. Hon’ble Prime Minister in his Independence Day Speech, 2007 has inter-alia stated that, â€Å"We are setting out a goal of universalizing secondary education. This is clearly the nest step after universalizing elementary education. While the goal is laudable much work needs to be done before we are in a position to launch the Scheme for Universalisation of Access for Secondary Education (SUCCESS). Its details need to be quickly spelt out and discussed with States so that we are fully ready to launch it from 2008-09. We must not underestimate the complexity of this task as the principles for universalizing elementary education cannot be easily transferred to secondary education. The physical, financial, pedagogical and human resource needs are quite different. We also need to recognize the role currently being played by the private sector and policy design must factor this in. Detailed strategies and plans would need to be worked out rapidly for each state. Special attention would need to be paid to Districts with SC/ST/OBC/Minority concentrati

Driving Forces For Smartphone Industry

Driving Forces For Smartphone Industry The mobile Internet is growing so fast. There is about 500 million people use the mobile internet worldwide in 2009. The Smartphone will be the most popular method to access the internet than PCs in the next few years. There are more and more people want to have Smartphone instead of desktop or laptop. In Egypt and India this is 70 percent and 59 percent of mobile internet users are mobile-only. Even in the US it is 25 percent. (MobiThinking 2010). Now there are about 150 million presently users log in Facebook from mobile devices. People use Facebook on their mobile devices are twice more active on Facebook than non-mobile users.(Mobithinking 2010) These make the reason of the Smartphone growth very fast recently. Changes in who buys the product and how they use it The target market of the Smartphone is young generation. There are two parts of the young generation that are college students and fresh graduates. College students want to have Smartphone. According to the researcher at Ball State University, there are 49 percent students own a Smartphone at college in 2010, compared with 38 percent in 2009. The 97 percent of students use text messages for their primary communication method and 30 percent of students will use email to communicate to each other. There are about 90 percent of Smartphone users that use their phone to surf the internet. About 97 percent of the users will take and upload photos and 87 percent of the owners will look at videos and upload videos by their Smartphone. (Kelly Truong). Fresh graduates need a Smartphone, too. Fresh graduates continue their habits from the college, but they use their Smartphone on the different way. They use their Smartphone for their work in order to have more efficient than others. The Smartph one can help them check their email anywhere, stay in touch with their office and update the news from office quickly. Increasing globalization of Smartphone industry The demand of the Smartphone is growing rapidly worldwide, because of mobile internet becomes more popular. Gartner expects the worldwide touch-screen mobile device market to top 362.7 million units in 2010, an increase of 96.8 percent over 2009 sales of 184.3 million units. (Michelle Maisto). More and more people start to buy a Smartphone, because of the trend market. Smartphone is going to instead of the traditional phone. Changing societal concerns, attitudes, and lifestyles Smartphone changes the way people used to be. First, the communication between the people is changing. People use social media to communicate to each other. Facebook user base has risen to 430 million year-over-year, roughly the same increase as QQ in China. Twitter, while sporting only 58 million users experienced a 1238% year-over-year growth rate. Facebook now dominates in chat, messaging, video sharing, games, VoIP and more. (MobileBeyond). People want to check the social media instead of text message and give a phone call. For example, Facebook shows a lot of information that people want to express for their days and also upload their photo to their friends. Smartphone can give people to see the latest news from the social media anywhere and anytime. Second, the lifestyle is going to change. People used to go to the bank to make transaction and deposit the check. After we have Smartphone and internet, we can just take a photo with check and upload to your bank. Finally, the atti tude is going to change. People used to buy the products and compare the price in the different stores. It was not convenient and efficiency way to shop. Now you can easily to check the price of the product by using Smartphone that can help you make the right decision to shop. Smartphone is changing our lifestyles, attitudes and societal concerns. Industry life cycle There are five stages of the industry life cycle. In the embryonic stage, the industry starts to begin and develop the product to the public. In the growth stage, the company produces more products and increases the market share. In the shakeout stage, some of competitors start to see the opportunities in this market. In the maturity stage, the product price is stable and more competition comes to market. In the decline stage, the sale of the product decreases until the product innovation or discontinue in the market. (Hill Jones, 2008). The Smartphone industry is in the growth stage. The demand of the Smartphone industry is growing rapidly. The sale of the Smartphone was 174 million units in the 2009; there were 270 million units sold in 2010. In 2011, the sales forecast is going to be double from 2010 to 2011 that means about 500 million units. (Oliver Van Dervoort). The demand of the Smartphone is going up twice than 2010 that make the Smartphone industry is in the growth stage, because of the strong demand of the Smartphone. Internal Analysis Value Chain The value chain is that an organization creates value by performing a series of activities and it represents how each competitive advantage created via an organization adds value to the service or product for each customer. In the HTC Company, RD, Production, Marketing Sales, Customers Service and Human Resource are adding the value to their company. (Hill Jones, 2008). Research and Development HTC extremely concerned about research and development department. In 2009, HTC has nearly one-third of RD personnel which in total HTC personnel. They also invest in R D development about 5% to 7% of the total revenues. HTC also pay attention on their innovation and design. HTC introduced the worlds first Android Smartphone in the Android operating system. After that, HTC also develop the new 4G high speed Smartphone that customer can download or upload their games, picture, video and mobile multimedia fast than before. (HTC Annual Report) In 2010, HTC introduce the worlds first windows phone which is HTC HD2. HTC HD2 has a capacitive touch screen interface and 1 GHz processor. (HTC Annual Report). It allows consumers to enjoy the fast and smooth touch experience and quickly respond to every touch of the action which is a major breakthrough for Windows Mobile phones. It is the worlds first embedded HTC Sense for Windows Mobile; make the phone more intuitive operation. HTC Sense has three core principles for the design -Make it Mine, Stay Close, Discover the Unexpected. The ideal of the HTC Sense is easy to operate in order to attract more customers to buy their Smartphone. HTC develops the product designs to meet china market with China Mobile. In China, TD-SCDMA is Chinas telecommunications industry with independent intellectual property rights of international communications standards. Each of the phones needs to have TD- SCDMA in order to use in china. In 2008, HTC launched their first TD-SCDMA Smartphone in china i n order to extend their market into China. Production HTC is growing so fast. According to the annual report, with worldwide demand for mobile phones expected to continue rising through 2010, we can expect the tight supply situation to continue as well. (HTC Annual Report) HTC needs to make sure their suppliers to increase productivity in order to meet the demand of the market. HTC also needs more manufacturing plants and facilities to meet the increasing demand of HTC products. HTC pay attention on their quality from each of the product that they produce. HTC introduces their new HTC Hero to the market In June 2009. After that HTC Hero has win a lot of awards which are Stuff Magazines -Gadget of the Year award, Mobile Choices- Phone of the Year, T3 Magazines Phone of the Year. During the worlds largest annual Telecommunications industry event, the 2010 Mobile World Congress, HTC Hero was further recognized with the 2010 Best Mobile Handset or Device Award. (HTC Annual Report) As HTC is growing so fast in order to meet the demand of the market, they still focus on their high quality control. Marketing and Sales HTC business is focus on European and North America markets in 2009. There are 48.8% of revenues from North American, 30.4% from European and 20.8% from Asia and other regions. Especially, the annual growth rate is 28.6% in North America which is the most potential markets. HTC development strategy is the current worldwide brand positioning HTC have a good development and increase HTC brand image in order to create long-term competitive advantage HTC. (HTC Annual Report) HTC has different products to meet the different level of the markets. For example, HTCs HD2 is the luxury and high-end product. Second, they have mid-price products which are HTC Tattoo and HTC Touch2 in order to have competitively in their market segment. HTC focus on the Smartphone industry, wireless communication technologies and become more sophisticated in this market. HTC Cooperate with Telecommunication Company to place their phone in the store in order to increase sale of their phones such as Verizon, Sprint and T-mobile. HTC mobile phone now, through Europe, America, Asia, sales of leading carriers and distributors, and has gradually penetrated into the Smartphone market in developing countries such as the Middle East, Central and South America and Russia. (HTC Annual Report) Customer Service HTC opened the worlds first HTC Care Customer Service Center in Taiwan Taipei in 2007. Fred Liu, Chief Operating Officer of HTC said HTC believes that providing superior after-sales support is important to our continuing success, which is why we place such a high degree of importance on HTC Care. In the future, a number of HTC Care centers will be launched in Taiwan and overseas, allowing our customers to enjoy their mobile lifestyles without missing a call, (HTC Annual Report). Customer service center is very valuable for customers. Customer service center can save time and more efficient to solve the problems from customers. Customers can just walk into the center and get personalized consultations by HTC products, Warranty repairs and buy HTCs products. HTC also provides a loaner phone during repair time. Customers do not need to worry about the alternative phone during that period. Human Resources The most valuable asset in HTC is employees. In recent years, HTC hires recruits outstanding talent to its ranks in the areas of product design, user interface, brand promotion and sales and marketing. HTC also hire the professionals employees from Europe and American that make HTC increases their diversity, challenging, vital and encouraging. As of the close of March 2010, HTC employed 8,948 staff worldwide. The 169 non-Taiwanese staff employed by HTC filled 30% of all HTC managerial positions. Non-Taiwanese managerial and technical staff filled 8.3% of all HTC positions worldwide. Women hold 21.4 %of HTCs 557 current managerial positions. (HTC Annual Report)

The Cay :: essays research papers

The plot tells of a young boy named Phillip and an old black man named Timothy. Phillip and his mom are on a boat to the United States. Their family has always looked down on black people. Then during the night there was a rumble a Phillip fell of his bunk. A German sub-marine hit their boat. They got up put on their close and life jackets and got in the lifeboat. Then while the life boat was being launched it tipped and everyone fell in the water. Phillip was swimming frantically for his mother but before he knew it he was knocked unconscious by something big. When he woke up he was in a life boat with a old, ugly, black-skinned man. The man said that he got knocked on the head really bad and he was happy to see that he was awake. The sun was really hot so the black man told him to give him his close so he did. Then the man tore some wood from the boat and made a shelter with the close. Phillip said wear are w wears my mom but the man said she’s not here but she’s probably in a different life boat. Phillip was really thirsty so the man opened a hatch in the boat and took some water out of a keg. He only gave Phillip a half a cup so Phillip asked for more. The man said they must spare as much water as possible. It was almost dark when the man said maybe some flying fish will jump in our boat for us to eat. Phillip didn’t like the idea of eating raw fish but he was hungry. The next day Phillip woke up and his eyes were blurry he hey there’s something wrong with my eyes. So the man took a wet towel and put it on his head it started to get better. Then Phillip fell back asleep and when he woke up it was dark. Phillip screamed what time is it the man said ten then Phillip its nighttime right the man laughed no its morning. Phillip screamed I’m blind the man was shocked he said here look at the sun, and he pointed Phillip to the sun Phillip said its still dark. During that night he asked what his name is the man said my name is Timothy. Phillip said do you have a last name the man said no Phillip was shocked at this then Timothy said lets get some sleep we have a long day tomorrow. The Cay :: essays research papers The plot tells of a young boy named Phillip and an old black man named Timothy. Phillip and his mom are on a boat to the United States. Their family has always looked down on black people. Then during the night there was a rumble a Phillip fell of his bunk. A German sub-marine hit their boat. They got up put on their close and life jackets and got in the lifeboat. Then while the life boat was being launched it tipped and everyone fell in the water. Phillip was swimming frantically for his mother but before he knew it he was knocked unconscious by something big. When he woke up he was in a life boat with a old, ugly, black-skinned man. The man said that he got knocked on the head really bad and he was happy to see that he was awake. The sun was really hot so the black man told him to give him his close so he did. Then the man tore some wood from the boat and made a shelter with the close. Phillip said wear are w wears my mom but the man said she’s not here but she’s probably in a different life boat. Phillip was really thirsty so the man opened a hatch in the boat and took some water out of a keg. He only gave Phillip a half a cup so Phillip asked for more. The man said they must spare as much water as possible. It was almost dark when the man said maybe some flying fish will jump in our boat for us to eat. Phillip didn’t like the idea of eating raw fish but he was hungry. The next day Phillip woke up and his eyes were blurry he hey there’s something wrong with my eyes. So the man took a wet towel and put it on his head it started to get better. Then Phillip fell back asleep and when he woke up it was dark. Phillip screamed what time is it the man said ten then Phillip its nighttime right the man laughed no its morning. Phillip screamed I’m blind the man was shocked he said here look at the sun, and he pointed Phillip to the sun Phillip said its still dark. During that night he asked what his name is the man said my name is Timothy. Phillip said do you have a last name the man said no Phillip was shocked at this then Timothy said lets get some sleep we have a long day tomorrow.

Gas Pressure Lab :: Papers

Gas Pressure Lab We pumped air into the tube until the pressure was as high as possible, which was 3.4x105 Pa. We recorded the volume of gas; it was 16.0cm3. We then let the pressure down slightly and recorded the pressure and volume again. We repeated this about 15 more times, which was when the pressure reached 1.03x105 Pa. Here are the results: Gas Pressure (x105 Pa) Gas Volume (cm3) 3.4 16 3.23 16.9 3.09 17.8 2.91 18.8 2.78 19.7 2.62 21 2.48 22.1 2.31 23.7 2.15 25.7 1.97 28.1 1.73 31.9 1.6 34.9 1.41 39.1 1.28 43.3 1.12 50 1.03 56 EXPLANATION Boyle ¡Ã‚ ¦s law states that the volume of a fixed mass of ideal gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the gas pressure: P „f 1/v OR pv = constant This means that if p is doubled then v is halved, or, if p is halved then v is doubled. MOLECULAR EXPLANATION At room temperature and pressure, there are a certain number of gas molecules in 10cm3 of air. Each molecule exerts a pressure on the walls of a container. The molecules hitting the sides of the container cause this pressure. If you decrease the volume that the air occupies from 10 cm3 to 5 cm3, then there would be twice as many molecules per cm3 than before. This means twice as much pressure will be exerted due to twice as many molecules hitting the sides of the container at a certain time. ANALYSIS To analyse my results I will extend my table from before by adding 1/v and pv: p (x105 Pa) v (cm3) 1/v (cm-3) pv (x105 Pa cm3) 3.40 16.0 0.062 54.40 3.23 16.9 0.059 54.58 3.09 17.8 0.056 55.00 2.91 18.8 0.053 54.71 2.78 19.7 0.051 54.77 2.62 21.0 0.048 55.02 2.48 22.1 0.045 54.80 2.

Jewish persecution :: essays research papers

Jewish Persecution The Jewish Persecution began during 1933. The Jews were faced with the terrorist group called the National Socialist German Workers party (Nazi) hate this happened when Hitler came into power. He devised labor camps where he would send individuals who opposed his ideas, and Jews. The conditions in these camps were so bad that it is hard to describe them. The prisoners were treated very badly. In this time, the Nazi government continued to deprive Jews of their rights and possessions. In 1938 Jewish homes and schools are looted or destroyed. Jews could not sit on park benches or swim in public pools. The government seized Jewish businesses as well as personal property. Jews were beaten, more than 90 are killed, and 30,000 Jewish people were sent to concentration camps. They beat Jews in the streets and attacked them in their homes. Jews had to sell their businesses and other property to the government at unnaturally low prices. The night became known as Kristallnacht, a German word meaning Crystal Night. In 1939, 300,000 Jews had been eliminated from the German community. Millions more Jews came under German control. Jews in Poland are forced to wear a yellow Star of David on their chests or a blue-and-white Star of David armband. By the end of the war, the Nazis had killed about 6 million Jewish men, women, and children that’s more than two-thirds of the Jews in Europe. Many of the Holocaust victims were killed in specially constructed gas chambers, and their bodies were then burned. The Nazis also moved many Jews from towns and villages into city ghettos. During 1942-1943 German government officials discuss the "Final Solution," their plan to kill all Jews in Europe. This policy called for the murder of every Jewish man, woman, and child under German rule. Jews are deported from Nazi-occupied countries throughout Europe to ghettos, concentration camps and killing centers in Poland. In the early 1940's, several new camps were established, with specially constructed gas chambers disguised as showers. The Nazis herded the Jews into railroad freight cars to be taken to the camps. As many as 2,000 prisoners were sent into the gas chambers at one time. The guards shaved the heads of the corpses and removed any gold teeth from their mouths. Then they burned the bodies in crematoriums or open pits. The well prisoners had their heads shaved and

‘Resurrection Is More Likely to Be True Than Reincarnation.’ Discuss

Resurrection is more likely to be true than reincarnation. ’ Discuss In discussing this statement, we must first define the words resurrection and reincarnation to decipher what they mean. Resurrection is the act of rising from the dead or returning to life and reincarnation is the rebirth of a soul in a new body. There are many problems surrounding the two due to mainly religious beliefs. I will be focussing mainly of the religion of Hinduism as they believe in reincarnation, and Christianity which believes in resurrection.Reincarnation is a common belief in the eastern part of the world, with Buddhism as well as Hinduism, supporting the idea of rebirth. In Hinduism each person has an essential self which is called the Atman, and is eternal and seeks unity with God. At physical death, the Atman leaves the body and enters another at birth. The physical body is gone but the Atman remains the same. The status of the body that the Atman re-enters is depended on whether in the pre vious life the person was morally good or bad, if good it will be in a higher status body, and if bad will be in a lower status body.This cycle of rebirth, birth and death is called Karma which Buddhism also follows, except they do not believe in a soul, but instead the five skandhas which are woven together and make a person attract karma. These two religions are heavily followed in the eastern part of the world and so therefore it may be argued that because it is an accepted belief it is therefore normal to believe in such an idea, however in the western part of the world where religions such as Christianity are followed it is not as accepted.Some would also question the fairness of suffering in this life for something in a past life which they cannot remember and that punishment doesn’t have a value unless you understand what it is for; it needs to be associated with something. However, Hindus would argue that karma is not seen as a punishment; it is just bearing out the k armic fruits and is a part of the Natural Law, and if you can’t remember a past life, that is a sign of wisdom. There have been cases where reincarnation has been seen to be identified, for example by an American professor of psychiatry, Ian Stevenson.He wrote a book, ‘Twenty cases suggestive of reincarnation’, where he looked at cases where people had seen to be reincarnated from someone else in the past from India, Ceylon and Brazil. He used examples of children to make his judgement more reliable as they would not be influenced by society or money in such a way that adults might. In one case there was a boy, Imad, who talked about a family whom he used to live with, and the family had no connection to this other family at all.He gave the name of where he lived and the family name, events and people that he knew there, and could even direct them to the area of where he used to live. Stevenson later found out that a man, Ibrahim, had died there and which matched up to all the events that the man had seen. The reincarnation was not immediate but was nine years later. This extraordinary case gives strong belief that reincarnation is true. However philosopher John Locke studied Steveson’s book and suggests that the dead person has left behinf some psycic traces or husks and therefore has a ‘memory’ of the previous life, and is therefore not reincarnated.Reincarnation completely goes against the teachings of many other religions, such as Christianity, Islam and Judaism as resurrection is the key to their religion. Without resurrection there would be no point to the religion. For Christianity, Jesus rose from the dead and ascended into heaven, so too will we come to resurrection at the end of time, when Jesus returns to the Earth. When the dead will rise from their graves and will be called up to God to be judged and the bad will then â€Å"go away to eternal punishment, but the righteous to eternal life†.Fundamentali st Christians believe exactly what the Bible says and therefore will believe that we will rise again in physical forms as Jesus did. If this is the case, it implies that after death there is some sort of space and that they take up room, so where would this be? Would it have a climate or shelter? And famously Peter Cole said if we are all physical bodies then you ‘will have to queue to see Jesus’. Hick is a more modern philosopher, who came up with the idea of the Replica Theory. Despite not believing it himself, he described it as a thought process that tackles the idea of resurrection.If John Smith disappears from one place and appears in another with exactly the same DNA, personality and physical matter, we must conclude that this is the same man, John Smith. then let’s say if this happened, but instead of another earthly location, John Smith appeared in a resurrection world. It is the same man again, but in another world entirely. An issue with Hicks theory i s that, how would we be recreated in the other place, and surely a replica of someone would have exactly the same bodily problems as the original person. If someone was ying for example, their replica would also be dying as it is exactly the same. But Hick also brings up the idea that we have a new resurrection body created by God that is without earthly defects. A more viable answer to resurrection that some Christians believe is that the soul is resurrected and that spiritual body will live on. The idea that the resurrected body will be forever in eternal life links in with Kant’s idea of the Summum Bonum which is the highest good, in heaven, and suggests that because there is terror in the world, once resurrected with God, He will make everything alright.In conclusion, reincarnation seems to be more likely to be true than resurrection due to the fact that resurrection brings out more questions than answers to it, rather than a simple concept of karma. Studies have been exa mined with reincarnation, and not in resurrection which gives more evidence for the theory of reincarnation to be true. Reincarnation may seem prominent in many peoples’ lives without knowing it as deja vu may be a sign of this, which I can relate to myself.

Fresh Food vs Canned Food Essay

Eating is an activity that we as humans do at least two times a day. We live in a world where the variety of food is immense, and we are responsible for what we eat. We decide what we are about to eat and how it will affect our bodies. However, each food differs from one to another. For example are the fresh food and the canned food. Fresh foods and canned foods are two kinds of different types of food that have their own benefits and disadvantages. The most notable difference between these two kinds of foods is their flavor. Fresh food have great flavor because they keep their natural conditions. Canned foods however, lack a lot of its flavor characteristic because there are some other chemical products added to the natural foods. Comparing both types of foods we can notice another difference. That is the health factor that affects our bodies. While the fresh food keep their original freshness and flavor, canned foods lose some of the original fresh food nutrients when stored, and also it has chemical ingredient when consumed too much will become toxin in our bodies. Another difference between these two types of food is the cost. Canned foods are much more expensive than the fresh foods. In contrast to the cost, canned foods are easier to find, they also require less work to prepare than fresh food. As we can see there are three main differences between the fresh foods and the canned foods. However, the main reason we chose our foods lies on our personal choice, based on time each person has, the money and the importance we give to our nutrition and health. Therefore it is important that you consider your possibilities and choose the best type of food for your convenience and life style.

Ethnomedicine Essay

Since the beginning of man, there have been ailments that have plagued the human race without concern of who it is inflicting or why they occur. These ailments had to have been combated by some sort of medicine by each culture and their remedies must have been plenty. The plethora of different kinds of medicines and remedies to these ailments among the different kinds of cultures is what we, Team Bloodnut, define as ethnomedicine. Many cultures throughout the world practice some form of ethnomedicine. A field of anthropological research, ethnomedicine seeks to describe the medical systems and practices utilized in different cultures. It examines the origins of what people believe cause illness, as well as examine the ways in which individual cultures treat such maladies. Team Bloodnut wanted to discover the healing beliefs and practices held by Amazonian shamans. Through the use of a life history interview, we sought to understand the traditions held by a people through the experiences of a man working with a former shaman of the tribe. Team Bloodnut formed a hypothesis regarding ethnomedicine in today’s modern world. We hypothesized that the remedies and medicines indigenous cultures use to heal the ill are unorthodox from the stand point of western civilization. Western society will view these remedies as barbarian and a total fallacy. We conducted our research through a life history interview, contacting a filmmaker named Matthew Vincent. Possessing an interest in natural medicines, Vincent spent over half a year living in Peru documenting the experiences of an American Shaman’s journey into the depths of Amazonian Shamanism. Together, they discovered the origins and methods involved in practicing shamanism in relation to this particular cultural group. Matthew trained under the ‘gringo shaman’ Ron Wheelock, learning the techniques and methods required to effectively heal members of the community in which they lived. In order to effectively film his documentary in a realistic manner, Matthew Vincent needed to integrate himself into the rituals, learning their practices and lifestyles. Researching through a life history interview best utilized our information since it enabled us to capture the personal experience of a man submerging himself into such a specific aspect of a community’s life. Our group set out to understand the origins of Amazonian shamanism. We wished to learn about the beliefs of the roots of illnesses as well as the methods used to treat them. Ethnomedicine seeks to understand what illnesses mean within a culture and how to remedy these ailments. According to Vincent, shamans believe people contract illnesses due to a variety of reasons. Culturally, the soul brings balance to the physical body and makes it strong. If presumed damaged or corrupt by devious spirits, souls must undergo ritualistic healing in order to return to a healthy state. Physical illness is thought to be a manifestation of corruption within the soul. In order to correct this corruption, patients go through a mixture of ritualistic songs, plant gnosis, and trances. Shamans utilize trances in order to enter different states of consciousness, allowing them to interact with souls and spirits to perform healing to the soul and bring the spirits back to the sick physical body. One extremely common way to remedy an ailment in Amazonian Shamanism is through the use of ayahuasca. Ayahuasca is an extremely hallucinogenic vine used in brews that are consumed by the Shaman along with the patient so the Shaman can conjure the spirits of the plants used in the brew to foresee any future ailments, cure any immediate ones, and try to prevent any others from manifesting themselves within the patient’s body and or soul. The ayahuasca brew can take any time from a couple of hours to brew, all the way to up to two days, being cooked three times. Wheelock told Vincent that he has treated people who have visited a psychiatrist for over a year and with one ayahuasca ceremony, the patient feels more rejuvenated and alive than ever before. Ayahuasca can also be used for other uses as well, depending on the ingredients used in the brew. For example, if brewed with shapishico, moonshine, and rainwater, and left to sit together for about nine days, this brew acts as an extremely potent aphrodisiac. Shamans are not only medicine men, but spiritual guides. Shamans can choose from two different paths when immersing themselves in their practices. They can choose to be curandero or a brujo. A curandero is a healer. He is the medicine man that can heal physical and psychological ailments that one might have. He does this through plant gnosis and conjuring the spirits of the plants to help cure the patient. A brujo, on the other hand, focuses on the dark arts of Shamanism, although he can also heal. In a Shamans training, they are visited by spirits and are given magical darts. These magical darts are a brujo’s weapon of choice when it comes to causing harm or kill another. He can use those towards anybody in the world as long as he has their name, a mental image of the person, a picture, or some sort of memorabilia that depicts who their target is. A curandero will only use these magical darts, usually, to defend himself. When a curandero sends a magical dart to a brujo, it’s usually with the intention to kill him. After conducting our life history interview, Team Bloodnut came to a conclusion on our hypothesis. We concluded that our hypothesis was correct regarding the differences between western medicines and Amazonian Shamanistic medicines. Western medicines include all of the technologies, modern medicines, and commodities that these indigenous cultures do not have access to; therefore we are much more technologically advanced. These countries are at a disadvantage when it comes to the commodities and technologies but that doesn’t mean that the quality is any less. These medicine men spend most of their lives learning how to conjure and interact with these spirits of nature so that they can heal in their favor. The way in which they do so shouldn’t be frowned upon. If these Shamans have found ways to cure, not just treat these illnesses and ailments, then why haven’t we, Western Civilization, adopted these methods? Is it the fear or the skepticism of failure? We think that it’s not so simple. We believe that the reason for these medicines not being accepted into our country is simply so the government won’t lose money and control. Wheelock cured a patient that had been visiting a shrink for over a year. In that time how much money did that psychiatrist earn? From that income how much did the government take from the psychiatrist in taxes? This is only for one person, too. Some people spend half of their lives, if not longer visiting some kind of medical practitioner or some form of psychedelic help. There will never be a shortage of sick people, so if they are simply just cured with a couple of ayahuasca ceremonies, that’s a pretty significant chunk out of the United States’ money supply. Not only is it a monetary issue, but also a control issue. If these practices were administered in the United States, people would gain insight and enlightenment to its effects. There is a chemical in ayahuasca that is an intense psychedelic. Dimethyltryptamine is the psychedelic in the ayahuasca that puts the body in the state in which it can be visited by manifesting spirits of the vine. If this psychedelic were to fall into the wrong hands, it could be very harmful to not only to America’s economy, but also to the ones who abuse it. Ergo, ethnomedicine is a sensitive subject because it is not only a way to treat people within a certain country or tribe, but it is also the way of life and the way generations upon generations have practiced these remedies. Just because different cultures do things differently, it doesn’t mean that one way is right and the other is wrong. If we, as a species and inhabitants of this Earth, all worked together and shared our practices with each other in the field of medicine, maybe we could find cures, not just treatments to malignant diseases such as cancer. Ayahuasca ceremonies are not just a ritual to heal patients that come to Shamans, but also a lifestyle.

Case Study Essay

1. Refer to Exhibit 3-3. How would a first-line manager’s job differ in these two organizations? How about a top-level manager’s job? Different managers perform at different levels and require different skills. To meet the demands of performing their functions, managers assume multiple roles. In Organization A, strong attention would be given to detail, with little innovation and risk taking. Teamwork would not be encouraged, and employees would be viewed as a means to an end. Strict controls would be placed on workers, and task achievement would be most important. The supervisor would have little latitude and would do things â€Å"by the book.† In Organization B, innovation and risk taking would be highly encouraged. The supervisor would have more autonomy in how to achieve goals. Employees would be given the opportunity to provide input, and a team approach would be used. People would be viewed as important contributors. The supervisor’s job would be more like that of a coach, encourager, and facilitator. 2. Describe an effective culture for a relatively stable environment and a dynamic environment. Explain your choices. An effective culture for a relatively stable environment would likely emphasize outcomes such as quality and productivity and would give significant attention to detail. It would not require high levels of innovation, risk taking, or aggressiveness. Conversely, an effective culture for a dynamic environment would likely em-phasize aggressiveness, innovation, risk taking, and team orientation. To stay on top of continual environmental changes, this organization would have a culture that celebrates productive work behaviors. 3. Classrooms have cultures. Describe your classroom culture, using the seven dimensions of organizational culture. Does the culture constrain your instructor? How? Educators today hear a lot about gaps in education – achievement gaps, funding gaps, school-readiness gaps. Still, there’s another gap that often goes unexamined: the cultural gap between students and teachers. 4. Can culture be a liability to an organization? Explain. organizational culture could be a liability. In the global environment, a society that discriminates on the basis of ethnicity or gender or in the exploitation of workers could experience a backlash from the reactions of consumers in other nations. 5. Why is it important for managers to understand the external forces that are acting on them and their organization? All outside factors that may affect an organization make up the external environment . The external environment is divided into two parts: Directly interactive: This environment has an immediate and firsthand impact upon the organization. A new competitor entering the market is an example. Directly interactive forces include owners, customers, suppliers, competitors, employees, and employee unions. Indirectly interactive: This environment has a secondary and more distant effect upon the organization. New legislation taking effect may have a great impact. indirectly interactive forces. These forces include sociocultural, political and legal, technological, economic, and global influences. Indirectly interactive forces may impact one organization more than another simply because of the nature of a particular business. 6. â€Å"Businesses are built on relationships.† What do you think this statement means? What are the implications for managing the external environment? organizations depend on their environment and their stakeholders as a source of inputs and a recipient of outputs. Good relationships can lead to organizational outcomes such as improved predictability of environmental changes, more successful innovations, greater degrees of trust among stakeholders, and greater flexibility in acting to reduce the impact of change. 7. What would be the drawbacks to managing stakeholder relationships? Stakeholder theory is widely recognized as a management theory, yet very little research has considered its implications for individual managerial decision making. But maybe the company’s stakeholders aren’t working to help the company instead they work for their own good maybe to steal or something else

The Native Warrior at the Battle of the Little Bighorn Research Paper

The Native Warrior at the Battle of the Little Bighorn - Research Paper Example You had to deal with the enemy and anyone from the east coast was considered an enemy. Our life in the northern plains was simple. What mattered to us most was our nomadic lifestyle which we cherished like any other person would cherish their culture. It meant a lot to us because everything we did was aimed at protecting our culture as well as our livelihood. The plains we lived in mattered the most to us and we saw this as home and any disturbance was seen as a threat to the survival of our culture as well as our people. It all began when our leaders, forced by the U.S administration of the time, agreed to the terms of a treaty which was meant to create a large reservation system. This meant that we were going to give up our nomadic life and culture as we were forced into reservation and boundaries that ensued meant that we could only operate from certain regions. This was because of the many conflicts that arose due to our culture and the interaction we were having with settlers and many of the rail road surveyors. As a warrior, I was used to the nomadic lifestyle and moving from this to a more stationary life was not something that was interesting to me. I, therefore, joined many of the other warriors and leader who rejected this treaty. There was no way we could be forced into the reservation system and wait on the government subsidies.... Tension began to grow in early 1875 when Custer came over into the already established reservation system. His aim was to map the area ad to locate a suitable place which was to be used in the construction of a military post. He also came to conduct an exploration of the natural resources in the area. Luckily for him, he stumbled upon gold deposits. Word went round about this and we all came to know about the gold deposits in our land. Immediately, a proposition was made by the US government of buying the land and this was rejected by the Lakota leaders. I remember tension growing in the Black hills as there were lots of people who had come as a result of the news about the gold.iv Things became even tougher when the commissioner of Indian affairs demanded that people return to the reservation system. This was rejected by many of the people. This is where our lives took a different turn. I came to realize later that the matter was forwarded to the army. As the US Calvary planned on a ttacking us, we were also planning on retaliatory attacks with our crude weapons. A group of over 1500 warriors was already stationed to counter the threat that was eminent from the US army. Many of our leaders had information concerning the plans that were underway of attacking us.v The aim of attacking us was to force us to return to the great Sioux Reservation. We were considered hostile and thus the army was seen as the only strategy that could be used to get us to cooperate. I learnt from others that about 879 men were being prepared most of who were the 7th cavalry. I was not worried and this is because of our great number which gave me hope and confidence that we would win any battle that could ensue. Our people moved to the plains in

Mother-Daughter Relationship and Weight Concern Annotated Bibliography

Mother-Daughter Relationship and Weight Concern - Annotated Bibliography Example Ogden, J. and Steward, J. (2000). â€Å"The Role of Mother-Daughter Relationship in Explaining Weight Concern.† International Journal of Eating Disorders, Pages 78 – 83. Presented two distinct roles manifested by mother-daughter relationship in terms of modeling the concerns of the mother and interactive role that could either be facilitative or productive of the weight concern. The authors conducted a study that required the participation of thirty mothers with respective daughters (whose ages ranged from 16 to 19 years old) through administration of the questionnaire method. The questionnaire focused on delving into issues concerning weight, as well as perceptions of participants on their relationship. According to the authors, the present study â€Å"primarily aimed to assess the degree of concordance between mothers’ and daughters’ levels of weight concern†. The results revealed that â€Å"the mother-daughter relationship may be relevant to the study of weight concern, not as a forum for modeling but as an interaction between two individuals, which is itself either facilitative or protective of weight concern in the daughter†. The article is clearly relevant in terms of the information provided from the results of the conducted study. However, the date the article was published was already fairly old, more than 10 years from contemporary time and that the results, if conducted today, could have generated a different outcome. Further, the sample size was only small and validity could have been increased by conducting the research using a larger sample size. Still, the contents could be cited in the current research for relevance of information contained herein. Ogden, J. and Chanana, A. (1998). â€Å"Explaining the effect of ethnic group on weight concern: finding a role for family values.† International Journal of Obesity, Volume 22, Pages 641-647. Explored the effect of ethnic groups, particularly Asians, on weight concern; as well as determining the influence of values exhibited by families as inflicting on the weight issues. The authors conducted the study through the participation of 20 Asians a nd 20 White daughters through a questionnaire that solicited responses on profile characteristics, values, and perception of the female perfect body. Ogden and Chanana aimed to validate previous studies that indicated that there were no differences in views with regard to body dissatisfaction and eating restraints between the Asian and White groups. In terms of the role of the family, particularly all members: mothers and siblings, except the father, the findings revealed that they all placed crucial importance on physical appearance. The authors were found to be highly authoritative on the subject matter, especially Ogden who was reported to be a Senior Lecturer in Health Psychology based in the London University. The article, though, was already outdated being published in 1998 and contemporary factors could have changed perceptions of both study groups, if the study is conducted recently. The information could therefore be cited only on areas where parallelism with current studie s would have been established. Otherwise, due to the outdated information, the results could fairly be used in the current research. Leichty, T; Freeman, P.A. and Zabriskie, R.B. (2006). â€Å"Body Image and Beliefs About Appearance: Constraints on the Leisure of College-Age and Middle-Age Women.† Leisure Sciences, Volume 28, Pages 311 – 330. Examine relevant relationships on three variables: body image, beliefs about appearance, and leisure constraints as solicited from the response of college-aged students and their respective mothers. A fairly large sample size of 116 female students and 76 mothers were used where participation required the use of computers to generate the needed information. Initially,

Trends and Tactics used for Mobile Marketing Essay

Trends and Tactics used for Mobile Marketing - Essay Example Consequently, the customers are able to search for the product based on the simple captivating message given and eventually purchase the product (DeMers, 2014).Starbucks is another company that managed to effectively tap into the benefits of mobile marketing, through using the reward strategy; a reward system as the major strategy for attracting and retaining the attention of the customers (Vong, 2012). Starbucks has established a reward system program that rewards its repeat customers and then is divulging this advertisement through the mobile marketing platform. Consequently, the strategy makes it easier for the target customers to be reached personally, considering the fact that most of the consumers who own a mobile phone normally have the phone with them practically all the time (Richardson, 2010). This makes it possible for the attractive reward program by Starbucks to gain more attention both through mobile accessibility and the consequent word of mouth. The Starbucks strategy is becoming very effective because; when a reward system is communicated to a target consumer through their phone, it becomes more personalized and owned by the consumer as opposed to an advertisement that could be made through TV or print media.Thus, both Starbucks and Apple Inc. have been able to tap into the mobile marketing platform effectively through applying the simplicity and the reward system strategies respectively; and thus are consequently reaping the benefit of their unique mobile marketing strategies.

Diabetes type 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Diabetes type 2 - Essay Example It is a condition in which the body fails to produce cells that are responsible for producing insulin leading to a condition known as insulin resistance. (Hopkins, 2010). Insulin is a hormone which is produced by the pancreas in our body and is mainly responsible for regulating the conversion of sugar into energy as the body fails to metabolize glucose in a proper way. Due to insulin resistance or failure of body cells to use insulin, glucose deposits in the blood instead of going into cells which mostly leads to many complications. (Mycek, 2007). SYMPTOMS: It is indicated that type 2 diabetes occurs due to a combination of environmental and genetic factors .Some of the symptoms of diabetes mellitus 2 include increased feeling of thirst and frequent urination, the urge to eat more, darkened patches of skin, and delayed healing of wounds and skin scratches, blurred vision accompanied by fatigue and an observable loss in weight (Hans, 2007). PREVALENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN AUSTRALIA: Studies have shown that statistics of diabetes mellitus type 2 doubled in Australia in the last two decades 16 % to 20 % of people suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 have shown to exhibit lesser abnormalities related to tolerance of glucose level. . (Dowse GK, Gareebo H & Zimmet PZ 2009). Moreover a large population residing in Australia is unaware of the fact that they have diabetes mellitus type 2 and also 55 % of the population of Australia suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 exhibit obesity, an increase in blood pressure making them hypertensive and large population also have a family history of diabetes. Researches and data gathered have shown reduction in prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus by following proper dietary plans. (Shaw, 2003). PREVALENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: According to various studies conducted during the year 2010 on prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States of America, it was reported that about 25.8 mill ion citizens of U.S have diabetes mellitus type 2 out of which 10.8 million populations comprises of women older than 20 years, 13 million populations comprised of men who were older than 20 years, 10.9 percent population suffering from type 2 diabetes was the older age group ranging between ages of 60 years to 70 years. Type 2 diabetes was ranked as the fifth most serious cause of disease leading to death of people in the United States of America during the year 2010 by the American Diabetes Association. (Hopkins, 2010) PREVALENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN A DEVELOPING ASIAN COUNTRY: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 is increasing at an alarming rate in India and is one of the major health issues over there. Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been reported to affect a great number of the population in India in last some years. According to several researches carried out globally and at national level it was reported that approximately 61.3 million people in India had diabetes in the yea r 2011 and it is feared that this figure might reach to 101.2 million by the year 2030. (Avasthi, 2005) ROLE OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN AUSTRALIA FOR TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2: DIAGNOSIS: In order to confirm that a specific person has been affected by diabetes mellitus

Project management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Project management - Assignment Example Thus, it was the world’s largest and most ambitious project being one of its kinds. The Palm Jumeirah was to be created from land reclamation by the company. The shape of the island would be that of a palm tree. The construction and the techniques would be used under the inspection of professionals in order to make sure that the project is carried out well. The island has to be made on a huge area which equals to the length of 800 football pitches. The project has to be planned critically so that the least number of issues are raised. This leads to the discussion of the main objective and strategy used in the planning of the project. Project Scope The objectives of the project will be set according to the requirements of the project. The initial aim of the project was set to improve Dubai’s economy, encourage tourism and build new costal areas. But most importantly, the aim of this project will be to be able to build the island successfully, and manage the maintenance f or a long period of time. To carry out these objectives, there are many technical requirements that have to be completed including the engineering, security and construction. The island will be entertained by many resorts and restaurants in order to attract the tourists. There also has to be a crescent island that surrounds the Palm Jumeirah and forms a breakwater. The project would need many professionals to be working on it along with the company so that the work is distributed. There have to be many departments in which the project work is divided. The project will be planned with proper suggestions from a number of sources. Ideas are generated from various places and then applied to the project management as the project has a huge scope on international level (Field, 1998). Estimated Project Scope The project is on a huge platform and an awaited one thus the plan is put forward with several of time taking tasks that is carried out as part of the plan. The project will start all the way from reclaiming the land and making an artificial island in the shape of a palm tree. Through the many parts in which the project is divided, it will be easier for the company to define the project as the total work scope. The Work Breakdown Structure will provide the scope of the project from the cost, service and data. These will be put together and will provide the necessary framework along with the scheduled development (Reid, 1999). The work breakdown for this project will be the reclamation of land and development including the buildings, sceneries, establishment of machineries, facilities and many other areas need to be developed on international level. The project would be a costly one, and the estimated cost of the project that our company has predicted would be around US $50 billion. Furthermore, the cost of maintaining the island is also huge and thus, the island should be one that could serve for a long time. The estimated time for the project completion would be 7 years. Estimated Direct Cost Cost estimation is an integral part of the project management process. The direct cost refers to the cost directly involved with the project ?(Verma, 2009). ?The direct cost for this project would also be very high as it will include all the material, labor and production costs that are charged. Starting from the island, to the development and the functioning, the island would need plenty of labor force and material to be

Please briefly elaborate on one of your extracurricular activities or Personal Statement - 1

Please briefly elaborate on one of your extracurricular activities or work experiences in the space below - Personal Statement Example My game improved and I ate free lunches for almost the entire summer! This is the type of challenge that best describes me. Other activities that I enjoy are downhill skiing and horseback riding. I am a novice a riding and am looking forward to improving. I have been told that I am too competitive by friends, but that is simply how I am wired. I never stoop to being a poor sport, and I have never lost a friend because of my competitive nature, so I guess I’m not too overbearing with my desire to always do my best. I am the sort of person that cannot relax by relaxing or giving something a half-effort. I relax by giving each challenge all of my effort and then enjoying the benefits of my hard work. This is why I love a good challenge. In the end, I’m a better more relaxed person because of the effort needed to overcome the

Training and Development evaluation in Human Resource Management Essay

Training and Development evaluation in Human Resource Management - Essay Example 2-3; Dransfield, 2000, p. 4-5). In HRM, training and development is meant to boost the performance of the workforce. The employees are put through a learning process that would assist them to acquire valuable knowledge, help them to improve their skills, rules, and concepts, by changing their attitude and their behaviour to work in the organisation. It is also called human resource development, learning and development or training and development (Rao, 2009, p. 8-11; Talwar, 2006, p. 1-3). In Human Resource management there are various different aspects, but this study aims at evaluating only training and development function of HRM and its significance in the organisation. The motive is mainly to study the magnitude of training and development and the various theories which different authors have stated to explain them. This will assist in capturing different point of view regarding training and development in the organisation. The study would also include the different types of tra ining methods which organisations generally utilise to coach their employees. This would assist in understanding the real life usage of the theories stated by the authors. Training assists in improving the knowledge and prepares the employees for new upcoming challenges. It is very important to train the employees to compete in the global challenges. According to Hamblin (1974), the evaluation process of training and development is an effort to gain information on the training process and the results of training on the employees. This is done to estimate the value that the training process has generated for the employer as well as for the employees. Wexley and Baldwin (1986) described that the training evaluation process is a system of gathering and studying the information so as to understand the ways to utilise the human resources in the best possible manner and achieve the mission, vision and objectives of the organisation. Previously the training and development processes were c riticized because of the lack of proper evaluation process (Mathison, 2004, p. 221). The yearly fixed targets were set for training and it was delivered accordingly, but none of them bothered to evaluate the results. So neither the positive effect of training was revealed nor was the negative aspects scrutinized and changed. No feedback system was there to take the opinion of the trainee employees, so improvement in the training process was not possible (Saks and Haccoun, 2011, p. 15-17). When it is the participants who decide and plan the training and development programs, it turns out to be a success because they know what they need to learn and what they already know about. So focusing accordingly on those areas in the training schedule is relevant. This is because training is indispensible for achievement and increasing productivity (Cornelius, 2001, p. 82-84). Training evaluation is a systematic process of analyzing and collecting the information regarding the programmes in tra ining. This is utilized by the human resource and training managers to plan and take decision regarding the effectiveness, relevance and the impact of the various components of training (Raab, Swanson, Wentling, and Dark, 1991). Since the companies nowadays are making huge investments for development and training, so training is no more a negligible issue in organization. For the employees in the organization,

Speech - The Meaning of Life Essay Example for Free

Speech The Meaning of Life Essay Is human life just a dream, from which we never really awake, as some great thinkers claim? Are we submerged by our feelings, by our loves and hates, by our ideas of good, bad, beautiful, and awful? Are we incapable of knowing beyond those ideas and feelings? Is the reality we know a reality imposed to us by nature? Are the reality and the meaning of life a creation of men, such as music, or love or colors? When I consider the short duration of my life, swallowed up in the eternity that lies before and after it, when I consider the little space I fill and I see, engulfed in the infinite immensity of spaces of which I am unaware, I rest frightened, and astonished, for there is no reason why I should be here rather than there. Who has put me here? By whose order and direction have this place and time have been ascribed to me? Love gives meaning to our lives as do friendship, or art or faith in God. These are factors of true happiness, of inner peace, of feelings of harmony, allowing meaning to our existence. But there is the other side. There is the cruelty of life, the pain, the evil, not to talk of death. When the Tsimtsum sank, not only was Pi shoved face to face with the unknown, but he also lost his family, the core of his human context. Instead, he had to try to survive. Life of Pi is a story about struggling to survive through seemingly insurmountable odds. Throughout the novel, characters are seeking the meaning of life. Pi abandons his lifelong vegetarianism and eats fish to sustain himself. Orange Juice, the peaceful orangutan, fights ferociously against the hyena. Even the severely wounded zebra battles to stay alive; his slow, painful struggle vividly illustrates the sheer strength of his life force. As Martel makes clear in his novel, living creatures will often do extraordinary, unexpected, and sometimes heroic things to survive. However, they will also do shameful and barbaric things if pressed. Exactly like humans. It is between these pendulums the positive, the one that gives happiness and meaning, and the negative that our lives are lived. And when we meditate about all that, we arrive at a diverse and disagreeing set of thoughts about the meaning and purpose of life. Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your time and attention. I hope I have clarified the thoughts of some, to be aware of the vast world we live in and the astounding beings we truly are. Speak to others of your thoughts and knowledge; I am sure they will be willing to listen.

Investigatory Project Essay Example for Free

Investigatory Project Essay We would like to dedicate this experiment we did to every mother, nannies, maids, and the likes who work hard each and every day or our lives. They, who sweat a lot just to give us fresh, newly-washed and sweet smelling clothes. They, who doesn’t only clean our clothes yet helped us to clean our minds and souls and has been in our journey ever since. This is for them to help in their daily work so that they won’t be that exhausted and can still have a great skin because we all know how doing the laundry by hand can make our skins dry. We have experienced a lot in this experiment. Like, first time doing laundry, working our minds out and lot of things about laundry. This is probably one of the greatest experiments we had. I, Shei Solis would like to thank my mother for the support she gave me while I was doing my best in laundry and the help she gave when I don’t know what to do at all. I’m not usually doing the laundry that’s why I had a rough time. I, Ma Get Tan would like to thank my mother who has taught everything there is to know about laundry and my sister, Ma Gell Tan who helped us to do the experiment. To every maid, mothers, nannies, and everyone who does the laundry, thank you very much because you have kept our life clean with you washing our clothes. Right now, we have known what it is like to be washing clothes. It hurts your hands because of the friction and then your hands will get dry. We’ve finally known all the hardships you’ve done for us. And because of that, here is our little study that might help you to save not only your money but also your time, efforts, and your precious skin. Enjoy! Introduction We conducted the study because we wanted to learn more about laundries, about the different kind of fabrics, the stains and others that might help us in our future paths that we might take like Fashion, Fine Arts, or the likes. Also, we found out how very hard it is to do the laundry that’s why sometimes when the person doing the laundry got carried away their skins get dry or becomes rough. That’s why we conducted this study. We also found out that water can be one factor why doing the laundry can make our skin rough or dry. In doing this, we will be able to answer the questions every mother on what is the right detergent soap to use. We will be able to know what is more effective between the two soaps, namely: Champion and Pride. What cleans faster and what whitens better. And from this research, mothers, nannies, maids, and all the ladies who do the laundry will be benefited. Because their work will be much easier if they would know the right detergent to use right from the start. They would save time, money, and energy from thinking and laundering. Just for example, they would use detergent that is very ineffective because they thought that that soap would be the best and when they used it, they already did all things to remove stains but *poof* nothing happened. So just imagine using the products that are very ineffective, you will just waste time, energy, and money. Our study is not just about clothes. It’s also about the different kinds of stains, the different fabrics, the different detergents, how to properly do the laundry and the effect of detergents on people who do the laundry by hand. It’s for them to learn more about what they are doing to find the helpful brand of detergent powder. We conducted this study for two weeks. Three days for soaking the stained shirt, one day for washing it with detergent, and three days for making it dry. To find out more about our study, you can search the main two brands, the different kinds of stains, the different fabrics, home economics or you can just check our index where we got the information.

Environment Pollution Caused By Construction Activities Environmental Sciences Essay

Environment Pollution Caused By Construction Activities Environmental Sciences Essay This chapter present the brief information and effects of the environmental issues happened in the Malaysian Construction Sites. This is a literature chapter review on the environmental pollution happened which caused by the construction activities in Malaysia. For example, air pollution, water pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, wastage problem, ground movements and etc. 2.2 Environment Pollution Caused by Construction Activities According to Krishnan Ganesh (2005) describe that the pollution consists of any change of the environment in physical, chemical or biological characteristics which might be endanger the human life and other life being. Besides, pollution might occurred in increasing of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other green house gases conversely decreasing in stratospheric ozone on global scale enhanced the global environmental pollution to air, water and land resources, biological diversity and human health. Based on Jennifer Gray (2010), the construction industry is a major source of pollution compound around 4% of particulate emissions, higher occurrences of water pollution incidents than any other industry and frequent complains of noise every year. However, the main areas of concern are including air, water, noise and soil pollution. Meanwhile, Zhen et al (2006) stated the dirt, harmful gases, noises, blazing lights, solid and liquid wastes, ground movements, messy, fallen item, and etc that hazards from construction site are the sources of pollution. It would also interrupt the residents near the area furthermore influence their health quality and well-being of people in the whole city. In short, construction industry at site has full of danger, difficult and dirty or even death syndrome which are to be encountered and control under certain rules regulations. However, these rules regulation of environmental protection can be imposed by the local statutory, government, and any other independent institutions. 2.2.1 Air Pollution Nancy J. Sell (1945) notes the definition of air pollution is an addition to our atmosphere of any materials having a damaging effect on life and environment. Normally are carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxides (NO), sulphur oxides (SO) and various hydrocarbons and particulates which are small particles consists of solids. The construction activities such as land clearing, operation of diesel engines, demolition, burning and working with toxic materials will contribute to air pollution. All construction activities produce high level of dust which can effects large distance over long time (Jennifer Gray, 2010). In addition, Jennifer (2010) also stated that diesel is the most critical emissions of a lot of toxic gases. Air pollution occur when the noxious vapours and other hazardous chemicals that are widely used on construction sites. The human health will be affected same as to the animal by the various types of pollutants. Most of the time, animal death can be happened by air pollutant as long it goes into the animal food sources. Damage on plant might be visible or which affect the growth, productivity and life will possess of the plants will be damaged (Nancy J. Sell, 1945). At last, the air pollution is directly linked to the human and other wild life being. This is because the poisonous air particular will damaging the respiratory systems of every living organism. Other serious diseases will also happen due to the insufficient inhaled of clean air and excessive inhaled of hazard oxygen. Therefore, the air quality is required to be controlled on construction sites moreover off the sites. 2.2.2 Water Pollution Diesel and oil, paint, solvents, cleaners and other harmful chemicals; and construction debris and dirt can be direct sources causing of water pollution. Soil erosion cause silt-bearing run-off and sediment pollution when the land is cleared. Silt and soil that run into natural waterways turn them turbid and restrict sunlight filtration and devastate aquatic life. In addition, other pollutants such as diesel and oil, toxic chemicals, and building materials from the site will be carried by the run-off of surface water. This happened to poison the water life when these substances get into waterways and any animal intake it. The source of human drinking water can be contaminated when the pollutants on construction sites soak into the groundwater which makes it much more difficult to purify than the surface water (Jennifer Gray, 2010). Based on Chiew Mynn, Jason and Joanthan (1997) shown that an example which the construction of a new golf course near the waterfall at Frasers Hill, Pahang tourism attraction. The forest nearby has been cleared, no roots to hold on to the surrounding soil and erode when the rains come. Silt and sand that comes from the construction become extremely murky and dirty as the soils run into the waterfall. Consequently, the overwhelming of construction activities surround the waterfall has lost its attraction. In short, water pollution can be affecting the health and safety of human and other wild life being gradually by intake the poisoned water sources which could not be purify completely. However, it might also cause massive damage to the building structures through the hidden running off of soil and water gradually under the foundation. Serious soil sedimentation and erosion will happen if excessive deforestation and development without proper plantation on the construction sites. Hence, the water pollution must be preventing effectively in order to provide safe and health living of building environmental. 2.2.3 Noise Pollution Noise is an increasingly omnipresent, yet underestimated, form of pollution. Long periods of exposure to relatively low levels of noise can have adverse effects on human health, such as raised blood pressure, hypertension, disrupted sleep and cognitive development in children (Kiernan, 1997), diminished working memory span, and psychiatric disorders (Bond, 1996). The vehicles, heavy equipment and machinery on construction sites create a lot of noise. Excessive noise is annoying and distracting, possible to cause loss in hearing, high blood pressure, sleep disturbance and extreme stress. Research has proven that high noise levels disturb the natural life cycles and usable habitat of animals (Jennifer Gray, 2010). As Choong Mek Zhin (2010) notes in his articles, Construction work going on at night in Kuala Lumpur and Petaling Jaya is causing many residents to lose sleep and suffer from stress due to the constant noise from the project sites. The construction works are proceeding although on public holidays. There are various noise sources on the construction sites and which reveal various types of noise which need to be managed such as background noise, idling noise, blast noise, impact noise, rotating noise, intermittent noise, howling, screeches and squeals (Lisa M. Sabitoni, 1996). Therefore, heavy noise pollution can cause mental problem of the human. This could bring a wide linkage of damages to the residential area nearby the construction sites if the noise levels are not well managed. Table below shows the noise construction activities schedule for noise limitation. Table: Typical noisy construction activities against the permissible noise limits (Khairul Sani B Samsudin, 2007) Type of Works 7am-7pm 7pm-10pm 10pm-7am Very Noisy Works e.g. piling, blasting, demolition, concreting works, use of percussion tools e.g. pneumatic hammers, etc Yes No No Moderately Noisy Works e.g. erection/dismantling of formwork, tying/fixing of steel bars, operation of cranes, loading/unloading of construction materials, etc Yes Yes No Quiet Works e.g. housekeeping, bricklaying, plastering, painting, etc Yes Yes Yes 2.2.4 Wastage Problem Waste produced by industrial operations has to be concerned as waste levels point out the appreciation of utilize of environment natural resources while the environmental issue is in concern globally. Construction industry has contributes a major waste to the overall waste volume among other industry operations annually for majority of the country. Most of the party involved in the operation do not alert of that construction waste can happen at every stage of the activities. During the stage on construction site, most of the resources are being used, therefore the major waste level are low which it can be observed for initial stage (Teoh Su Ping et al, 2009). As Ekanayake Ofori (2000) said, Construction waste can be divided into three major categories which are material, labour and machinery waste. However, material wastage is of more concern as more of the raw materials from which construction inputs are derived come from non-renewable resources. In short, waste management stands critical step to mitigate the pollution to the environment as the construction industry has contributes a major waste to the overall waste levels among the other industry operation. This is because every construction project is unique and heterogeneous which it undergoes with many various materials, methods, machinery under such long in durations. In addition, these construction wastes can cause an excessive amount of wastages which most of the inputs are produced from non-renewable resources such as timbers, steel bars, cement and sand, clay bricks, marble and gravel tiles and etc natural resources. Therefore, waste management must be operated in order to minimize the massive wastages problems and pollute the environment. 2.3 Summary Construction industry is full of challenges among the other production industry. This is because any of the pollution such as air, water, noise, waste problems and etc can be happened in the construction sites if improper protection and prevention during every single stage of the construction. Therefore, these require lots of effort in managing the conditions of the construction sites under a long period of construction time. However, some certified Environmental Management System (EMS) with valuable process and procedure is useful in the protection of environmental quality. For example, international certified ISO 14001:2004 as an EMS. Chapter 3 Concept and Principles of ISO 14001 as Environmental Management System (EMS) 3.1 Introduction This chapter is to present the concept and principles of the ISO 14001 as an EMS in Malaysian Construction Organizations. The important information including the introduction, concepts, benefits, methods, issues, challenges of processes and procedures in terms of implementing the ISO 14001 as an EMS. 3.2 Concept of ISO 14001 ISO 14001 was first published in 1996 and specified with actual requirement for an Environmental Management System (EMS). It applies to those environmental aspects which the organisation has control and over which it can be expected to have an influence. ISO 14001 is often seen as the corner stone standard of the ISO 14000 series. However, it is not only the most well known, but is the only ISO 14000 standard against which it is currently possible to be certified by an external certification authority. Having stated this, it does not itself state specific environmental performance criteria. This standard is applicable to any organization that wishes to Implement, maintain and improve an environmental management system Assure itself of its conformance with its own stated environmental policy (those policy commitments of course must be made) Demonstrate conformance Ensure compliance with environmental laws and regulations Seek certification of its environmental management system by an external third party organization Make a self-determination of conformance (ISO 14000/ ISO 14001 Environmental Management Guide, 1996) 3.3 Implementation Process of EMS based on ISO 14001 According to Sarkis (1998), who has listed down the five important steps which showing the successful implementation process of Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) based on ISO 14001. The five important steps are shown as below: Environmental policy: Firms must capture in a written document their intentions and principles in relation to their environmental behaviour. This statement must show firms commitment to comply with environmental legislation, to prevent pollution and also to potentially improve their environmental performance. It also must be accessible for the public. Planning: Firms have to identify controllable environmental aspects and determine which ones have significant environmental impacts. These are the ones that firms should attend first. Then firms have to determine the legal dimensions of these impacts (which will depend on the sector, the geographical situationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) and, based on this information, they have to establish objectives and targets as well as the EMS to achieve them. Implementation and operation: it means the allocation of human, financial and physical resources for these issues. Managers have to assign the environmental responsibilities, provide the suitable training to employees and also establish the internal and external communication channels in order to spread the environmental commitment among all the members in the organization and the stakeholders. Checking and corrective action: It includes the measurement of environmental performance, the identification of deviations by comparing targets and results and the application of corrective actions when necessary. In order to be able to carry out these activities, firms must keep environmental records and have periodical auditing of the EMSs. Management review: In order to guarantee the effectiveness and continuous improvement of the EMSs, managers have to review and get a feedback of all the policies, objectives and procedures. (Sarkis, J., 1998) At first, the organisations must comply with the environmental policies to prevent the environmental issues furthermore to improve their environmental performance. Then, the planning on controllable environmental aspects and impacts must be made in order to set up objectives and targets to be achieved by the organisations. Subsequently, experienced personnel have to apply the environmental management systems and ensure the environmental commitment has reached to every member in the organization as well as the stakeholders. Consequently, checking and corrective action must be taken which consists of environmental performance measures, comparison on divergence findings and rectifies actions. It would also required scheduled environmental records and periodical auditing of the EMS. Lastly, the management review step enables the managers to reassess and collect feedback related to the effectiveness and necessary improvement required on the policies, objectives and procedures. In short, a good EMS consists of not only the general five important steps of implementation processes but also required good integration of communication and coordination channels in between the executive personnel, managers, staffs, labours and other stakeholders. This could be the most critical point which might directly influence the effectiveness and efficiency of EMS in the entire organisations. 3.4 Benefit of Implementing ISO 14001 in Construction Organizations According to Blackmores (2008) noted, there are three (3) main categories of benefits which are financial, operational or internal and external ranges as shown below: Financial Cost savings by minimise the waste and use of natural resources such as electricity, water, gas and fuels efficiently. Identify the environmental risks and addressing the weaknesses. Helps the organisation to prevent the fines and penalties by fit to meet the environmental legislation, Indicating better risk management to helps minimising the insurance costs. Operational/Internal Improve the performance and efficiency in general Constrict the production processes, minimise in the risk of incidents and produce better efficiency Eliminate unforeseen and consistency by controlling the disruption and waste Staffs responsibility are clarified clearly Internal communications and morale improved External Express as innovative and forward thinking approach Lead to better public perception of the organization and a competitive advantage, furthermore to improve sales opportunities Lead to better community awareness of the impact of the construction activities on the local residents such as noise, smell, dust, vibration, etc. Demonstrate commitment to the environment and provide confidence to the customers, trade partners, stakeholders, regulators and local authority In addition, the implementing of ISO 14001 gives a lot of benefits such as protection of the environment; reduced operating costs; increased access to markets; demonstrated compliance with regulations; improve environmental performance; improved customer trust and satisfaction enhanced corporate image and credibility; employee involvement and education; and potential impact on world trade to allow competition on an equal basis (George Ofori et al, 2000). 3.5 Environmental Management System (EMS) Do It Yourself (D.I.Y.) Schemes by CIDB EMS DIY Schemes is a part of the effective communication plan to be jointly executed by CIDB and Stakeholders, it was designed for given the significant importance of external accreditation which encouraging the construction companies to attain the ISO 14001:2004 certification. This scheme has two certifications which are ISO 14001 EMS Certificate and the CIDB EMS Certificate. However, there are 3 main objectives which to be achieved by the CIDB as listed below: Provide formal recognition of certified contractors on commitment to excellence environmental management Convenient the employers of the contractors such as JKR, housing developers and local authorities to select certified contractors, who have practicing commitment to excellence environmental management Provide CIDB with an index for monitoring and reporting the general environmental management awareness and practice of Malaysian contractors, as reflected in the annual number of contractors certified to the two EMS certification schemes. The overall aim of these schemes is to subsidise the Malaysian contractors with a cost-effective program in order to improve their performance up to a standardised level as well as in developed countries. Meanwhile, it also helps to assist the contractors to upgrade their environmental management performance throughout the EMS certification programs. At first, the contractor has to attend the EMS Awareness Program which consists of 3 module, such as Module AP1, AP2 and AP3 in order to choose whether CIDB EMS Certification Program or ISO 14001 EMS Certification Program. This allow the contractor to understand regarding Why, How and Benefits or Implementing Systematic Environmental Management before selecting either one of the EMS Programs by CIDB. Besides, an EMS Awareness Training Certificate will be issued by the CIDB to the participant after the completion of 3 training modules in the EMS Awareness Program. After that, it is a condition precedent to carry on either one of the two EMS D.I.Y. Programs by CIDB and 3 months will be given the participants to decide after completion of EMS Awareness Program. The following table shows the EMS Awareness Program. Table: Environmental Management System Awareness Program (CIDB, 2007) Phase Period Milestones Activities Action by Man-day Support Environmental Awareness and Education 2 Months Training Module AP1 Environmental Issues Malaysia Environmental Policy Introduction to CIDB- D.I.Y Scheme. Introduction to Global Environmental Problems and Management Issues. Introduction to Malaysian environmental management policies Consultant 1 Training Module AP2 Introduction to ISO 14001 EMS Introduction to ISO 14001:2004 EMS Standard and the Requirements. Strategic EMS Implementation Plan. Consultant 1 Training Module AP3 Malaysia Environmental Legal Regulatory Requirements Awareness of the current environmental legal and regulatory requirements in the Malaysian construction industry To identify legal and other requirements and develop appropriate Legal Register Consultant 1 Total Man-day 3 3.5.1 CIDB EMS Certificate D.I.Y. Program CIDB EMS Certification Program is an EMS Program under CIDB EMS DIY Scheme which takes 6 months from Phase 1 to 4 as shown in the table below. However, the participant must undergo the EMS Awareness Program before undertake this program and it only allows the CIDB registered contractors from Class G1-G6. Conversely, Class G7 contractors are only permitted to participant for ISO 14001 EMS Certification. There are some conditions in implementation of the EMS required such as, the first year shall be for one on-going project, second year shall be for three on-going projects, third and subsequent year shall be for all projects. Meanwhile, the name of all projects involved in the implementation of EMS shall be included in the CIDB EMS certificate and annual renewal of the certificate is depend on the compliance satisfaction with the annual EMS audit requirements. The action plan of the CIDB EMS Certification Program is shown as below: Table: CIDB EMS Certification Program Processes (CIDB, 2007) Phase Period Milestones Activities Action by Man-day Support EMS Planning Documentation 2 Months Training Module CP1 EMS Plan Training to Introduce the EMS Plan (Content and Implementation Steps). Development of the EMS Plan. Consultant 2 Contractor Activity Prepare EMS Plan Contractors to prepare the EMS Plan Submit to Consultants for evaluation. Contractor Evaluation of EMS Plan 0.5 Month Module CP2 On-site Evaluation of the EMS Plan On-Site review the EMS Plan interview key staffs. Identify the EMS Implementation Project (minimum 1 construction project). Suggest improvements. Contractor 1 Contractor Activity Take Corrective Action Based on evaluation findings, contractor takes appropriate corrective action and amends the necessary documentation. Contractor Implementation of EMS Plan 2.5 Months Contractor Activity Implementing the EMS Plan Contractor implements the EMS Plan (Office and minimum 1 construction project). Contractor Module CP3/CP4/CP5 Consultancy Support on the EMS Plan Implementation Consultant will visit the contractor monthly to provide on-site implementation advices and supports. Consultant 3 CIDB Audit 1 Month Module CP6 CIDB EMS Certification Audit CIDB Appointed Auditor performs the EMS Certification Audit. CIDB Appointed Auditor 1 Contractor Activity Take Corrective Action Take corrective actions to close out the non-conformance found in the Audit. Submit corrective action plan to Auditor. Contractor Award Award of CIDB EMS Certification Certification Award after review of the corrective action plan. TOTAL MAN-DAYS 7 DAYS Registration Fee and Payment The table below states the overall registration fees to be paid. The payments are separated into 2 stages upon the start of the respective phases. Meanwhile, the registration fees need to be paid upon the Stage 1 (EMS Awareness Program). However, these payments are excluded the accommodation and travel fees of the participants. Table: CIDB EMS Certificate D.I.Y. Program Fee and Payment (CIDB, 2007) CIDB EMS Certificate D.I.Y. Program Total Fee: RM 8,500.00 Payment in 2 Stages Phases Main-Days Payment by Contractors Environmental Awareness Education 3 Stage 1 EMS Planning and Documentation Evaluation of EMS Plan 3 Stage 2 Implementation of EMS Plan CIDB Audit 3 1 It also covers the following: Award of CIDB EMS Certificate 3.5.2 ISO 14001 EMS Certificate D.I.Y. Program ISO 14001 EMS Certification Program under CIDB EMS DIY Scheme is an EMS Program by CIDB. It takes 10 months to complete from Phase 1 to 6 and it is open to every contractors. Table below shows the ISO 14001 EMS Certification Processes. Table: ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) Certification Program Phase Period Milestones Activities Action by Man-day Support EMS Appreciation 0.5 Months Training Module IP1 ISO 14001 EMS briefing for Top Management Presentation to Top Management on the EMS Objectives, Benefits, Roles and Responsibilities. Consultant 0.5 EMS Planning 2.5 Months Training Module IP2 Environmental Policy, Aspects Significant Impacts Training on methods to identify and develop Environmental Aspects Impacts. Decide Criteria and Methodology for Determining Significant Impacts. Consultant 1.5 Contractor Activity Prepare Policy, Legal Environmental Aspects Register, Implementation Plan Contractor to prepare the Environmental Policy, Legal Registers and Environmental Aspects Impacts Register. Contractor to plan develop and implementation plan and milestones. Contractor Module IP3 On-site Review Consultation on Policy, Legal Aspects Register Assessment of current EMS status against ISO 14001:2004 other legal requirements. Review the Implementation Plan Approach for the EMS implementation Consultant 2 Training Module IP 4 Objectives, Targets, KPI EMP Introduction to importance and formulation in establishing the objectives, targets, Key Performance Indication (KPI) and Environmental Management Program (EMP). Consultant 1 Contractor Activity Prepare Objectives, Targets EMP Contractor to prepare the environmental Objectives, Targets, KPI and EMP. Contractor Module IP5 On-site Review Consultation on Objectives, Targets, KPI EMP Consultant to review and finalise the Objectives, Targets, KPI and EMP established. Consultant 1 Documentation EMS Implementation 1 2.5 Months Module IP6 Off-site Preparation of EMS Manual Procedures Guidelines Off-site Preparation of Guidelines for EMS Manual Procedures specific to the contractors organisation. Consultant 1 Training Module IP7 ISO 14001 EMS Documentation Implementation Introduce and develop the EMS documentation (Manual, Procedures) and implementation programme. Softcopies provided for the Environmental System operational procedures and forms. Consultant 1 Contractor Activity EMS Documentation Implementation Contractor to prepare EMS Manual Procedures based on Consultants guidelines information provided. The template formats provided on computer disk will be used. Initiate EMS Implementation Collect the initial data. Contractor Module IP8 On-site Review Finalise the EMS Manual Procedures On-site Review Consultation on EMS Manual Procedures. Amend the documents if necessary. Consultant 1 Stage 1 Audit Documentation Audit Third Party Certification Bodys Auditor conducts Documentation Audit. Certification Body Contractor Activity Take Corrective action Based on audit findings, contractor takes appropriate corrective action and amends the necessary documentation. Contractor Documentation EMS Implementation 2 1.5 Months Contractor Activity Continue EMS implementation Continue implementing the procedures and programmes as planned e.g. Records, monitoring data, training etc. as per tasks outlined. Contractor Module IP9 On-Site Consultation on Implementation Progress On-site Monitoring Consultation on Implementation of Procedures and EMP to ensure the implementation programmes are properly in place and utilised. Consultant to provide hands on guidance. Contractor 1 Checking Management Review 2 Months Training Module IP10 ISO 14001 EMS Internal Auditor Training Conduct ISO 14001 EMS Internal Auditor Training to provide skills and knowledge on how to conduct internal audit and becoming a competent internal auditor. Consultant 2 Contractor Activity Conduct Internal Audit Take Corrective Actions Contractor to conduct internal audit to identify gaps in the systems. Auditor to prepare internal audit report and issue corrective actions request if required. Responsible personnel to take appropriate corrective actions. Contractor Module IP11 On-site Monitoring Consultation on Internal Audit and Corrective actions taken To check and review EMS Implementation progress and provide hands on guidance. To close out the Corrective Action Requests. Consultant 1 Contractor Activity Conduct Management Review Conduct Management Review to communicate and review EMS performance improvements plans. Contractor Module IP12 On-site Consultation on EMS Implementation Site Readiness On-site Monitoring Consultation on Management Review and EMP. Check site condition. Consultant 1 Contractor Activity Finalise EMS and Ensure Site Readiness Contractor to finalise EMS and ensure Site Readiness. Contractor Pre-Assessment 1 Month Module IP13 On-site Pre-Assessment Perform Pre-certification assessment to determine the conformity of the EMS implementation. Identify improvement opportunities and present pre-assessment audit